Modifying loans may not stem foreclosures

Mon Apr 13 17:18:10 UTC 2009
By Kristina Cooke

NEW YORK (Reuters) - Unemployment is a bigger reason for missed mortgage payments than high interest rates, according to a study from the Boston Federal Reserve that raises questions about President Barack Obama's plan to stem foreclosures by modifying loans.

Borrowers are more likely to default on their payments because they have lost their jobs or because the price of their homes has plummeted than because of tough terms on their mortgages, the study found.
Loan modifications are not necessarily a better deal for investors either, wrote Boston Fed economists Christopher Foote and Paul Willen, Atlanta Fed economist Kristopher Gerardi and Lorenz Goette, a professor at the University of Geneva.
Their research found that policies that directly help homeowners overcome setbacks such as losing their jobs may be more effective in combating foreclosures.
"Foreclosure-prevention policy should focus on the most important source of defaults," the economists wrote in a study released on the Boston Fed's website late last week.
The findings challenge the thinking behind a White House plan announced in February that would give up to 9 million families the chance to refinance their mortgages. President Obama's administration has made loan modifications a central plank of its efforts to tackle the housing crisis.
"One of the most influential strands of thought contends that the crisis can be attenuated by changing the terms of 'unaffordable' mortgages," the economists wrote. But policies that focus on loan modification "face important hurdles in addressing the current foreclosure crisis," they wrote.
The economists suggest that the government could instead replace part of an individual homeowner's lost income from a job loss through loans and grants and help those whose predicament is more permanent become renters.
In addition, investors do not necessarily stand to gain if foreclosure is avoided, they said, and that could help explain the relatively small number of loan modifications to date. Estimates that total gains for investors from modifying rather than foreclosing can run to $180 billion may not take into account a number of key factors.
Investors can lose money when they modify mortgages for borrowers who would have repaid anyway. Borrowers with modified loans may default again later, especially if the reason they were driven to default remains, the economists said.
(Reporting by Kristina Cooke; Editing by Dan Grebler)
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